The Theory Of Classical Conditioning - 1360 Words

Is it possible to rouse fear from a stimulus that at first caused no such response? Classical conditioning is a type of learning where a response is produced from combining a conditioned stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus to produce an unconditioned response. Ivan Pavlov did a famous study, pairing the sound of a bell with food to produce salivation. After a while, just the sound alone would produce salivation. â€Å"Little Albert†, an infant that belonged to a wet nurse at the Harriet Lane Home was experimented on by John B. Watson and Rosalie Rayner. Watson and Rayner claim that â€Å"Little Albert† was a healthy, unemotional, and stable child. The experiment began with the introduction of a white rat, which alone, produced no fear response. At 11 months and 3 days, the rat was paired with a loud noise. The loud noise frightened â€Å"Little Albert†. He began to associate the fear he experienced with the white rat since it was paired with the loud noise. After several combined events of the white rat and the loud noise, Watson and Rayner also tested if other furry animals such as a rabbit and a dog also elicited a fear response. They discovered that in fact, they did. Even a fur coat, cotton, and a Santa Claus mask caused â€Å"Little Albert† distress. This study revealed that if a child is conditioned to be afraid of an animal, this fear can shift to other animals without the distinct conditioning for each animal (Jones, 1960). This concept is known as generalization, which is theShow MoreRelatedThe Theory Of Classical Conditioning929 Words   |  4 PagesDiscussion 5 1. Define: Classical Conditioning is learning theory based on the assumption that the learning process occurs due to associations between an environmental stimulus and a natural occurring stimulus, as indicated in our textbook. This learning theory was developed by John Watson. He proposed that this theory is able to explain human behavior. Watson also assumed that our environment shapes our personality as a whole. His ideas were influenced by the findings of Ivan Pavlov, a RussianRead MoreThe Theory Of Classical Conditioning1129 Words   |  5 PagesIn this assignment I will be looking at the Behaviourist perspective with Ivan Pavlov’s (1902) theory about classical conditioning. I will be discussing how I have used human development and learning perspectives in my placement to support young people in their personal and social development with providing a case study about them. I will be writing about how the theory demonstrates effective youth and community work practice including the five pillars of youth work. Behaviourists look at behaviourRead MoreTheory of Classical Conditioning1051 Words   |  4 PagesClassical Conditioning Introduction In psychology, there are number of theories and ideas which are used to influence the way someone reacts to particular events. In the case of classical conditioning, these ideas have been utilized to create short and long term transformations about how someone sees and reacts to the world around them. To fully understand how this is taking place requires examining these techniques and the way they are influencing behavior. This will be accomplished by studyingRead MoreThe Theory Of Classical Conditioning1202 Words   |  5 PagesIn this essay the ways in which classical conditioning principals have been used to treat problem behaviours in humans will be discussed. Firstly the findings of Ivan Pavlov’s research experiment on classical conditioning will be explained. Then a number of his basic principals that include extinction, spontaneous recovery, stimulus generalisation and acquisition will be explored. Finally, the use of behavioural therapy in treating problem behaviours, specifically in relation to systematic desensitisationRead MoreThe Theory Of Classical Conditioning1070 Words   |  5 Pages(1929) and Watson and Rayner (1920) contributed to the theory of classical conditioning. Classical conditioning argues behaviour is learned through the continued pairing of a stimulus that creates a response. This can be a fear response as identified by Watson and Rayner (1920) where a healthy eleven-month-old boy was conditioned to feel fear when he saw a fluffy white toy. This fear extended to any fluffy white object. Operant conditioning theory was developed through the findings of Skinner (1938)Read MoreThe Theory Of Classical Conditioning1222 Words   |  5 Pagesexperienced. Although Harlow has found this theory, Ivan Pavlov experimented with dogs and discovered classical conditioning. Classical conditioning can show how attitudes are formed and changed, how and when attitudes influence behavior, and how we change attitudes and behavior. Classical conditioning is basically learning through association, which induces involuntary or automatic responses to certain stimuli. A famous example is Pavlov’s dogs, before conditioning the dogs would salivate (UCR) when meatRead MoreThe Theory Of Classical Conditioning994 Words   |  4 Pagestransfer persist, although with a certain loss in the intensity of the reaction, for a longer period than one month.† The data reported in this paper definitely supports this conclusion. The purpose of this experiment was to test the theory of classical conditioning as well as transfer (stimulus generalization); and to see if they would be able to successfully condition an emotional response of fear. When this experiment began, Little Albert was 11 months and 3 days old. Watson and Rayner exposedRead MoreThe Theory Of Classical Conditioning Theory Essay712 Words   |  3 Pagesattachment theory is a psychological, an ethological and an evolutionary theory that is concerned with relationships between humans, specifically between mother and infant. An infant has to develop a relationship with at least one of their primary caregivers for them to develop socially and emotionally. This essay will look at evaluating the theories of Ivan Pavlov, John B Watson, Edward Thorndike, BF Skinner, John Bowlby (1958), and Mary Anisworth (1979) Two important learning theories of behavioristRead MoreThe Theory Of Classical Conditioning1824 Words   |  8 PagesClassical conditioning The first theory of learning is called classical conditioning and was developed by Ivan Pavlov a Russian physiologist. He started working with dogs to investigate their digestive system, they were ties to a harness and Pavlov added monitors to their stomachs and mouths to measure the rate of saliva produced. He found out that when a lab assistant came in to give the dog food before the dog tasting the food it started to produce saliva, saliva is a reflex response and PavlovRead MoreBehaviorism Theory Of Classical Conditioning1700 Words   |  7 Pages Behaviorism is a theory that behavior can be altered through conditioning. Behaviorism does not focus on thoughts or feelings of the subject, just their behavior. Ivan Pavlov was a major part of this movement of behaviorism with his theory of classical conditioning. The most important part of classical conditioning is that it is done through repetition. In his experiment he began with noticing that an unconditioned stimulus like dog fo od causes an unconditioned response like salivation. He then

The Millennium Development Goals ( Mdgs ) Essay - 1659 Words

The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) were established in 2000 to determine, focus on and put into action steps that will fight eight key areas to help underdeveloped countries. The eight targeted areas which are poverty, education, gender equality, child mortality, maternal health, disease, the environment and global partnership place attention on areas that will help the improvement and betterment of underdeveloped countries. MDGs goals and objectives are clear and concise with a development plan in place to make changes with underdeveloped and middle-income countries. Equally are all eight of the goals, but focusing on poverty, hunger and child mortality, will bring these two goals to the forefront. MDGs for poverty and hunger are looking for decreases by half between 1990 and 2015 in the amount of people in underdeveloped countries who has an income of fewer than $1 per day (UN Department of Public Health, 2010). Additionally, between the same timeframe, goals are set to decrease by half the amount of people who experience and suffer from hungriness (UN Department of Public Health, 2010). These goals were put into place in 2000, reviewed in 2015 and an updated plan to target these goals were set for 2020 (United Nations, 2015). Even though many countries are a part of the MDGs, practical and reasonable goals and objectives can be met with great emphasis, attention and action. The MDGs, even though, all goals and objectives are different, they literally allShow MoreRelatedThe Millennium Development Goals ( Mdgs ) Essay1418 Words   |  6 Pagesinitiatives have been designed with an emphasis of developing countries especially those in the Sub-Sahara. One of these initiatives is the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). United Nations established a set of eight MDGs among which are reduction of infant mortality and improvement of maternal health (United Nations, 2000). All member states are to achieve the goals by the year 2015. For many countries, births can be attended either at homes or in medical centers. Births that are attended in a hospitalRead MoreMillennium Development Goals (Mdg)688 Words   |  3 Pagesone of the most widely discussed topics throughout the world is Millennium Development Goals (MDG). In September 2000, meeting at the United Nations Millennium Summit, the world leaders agreed to a remarkable document, the Millennium Declaration. The Declaration demanded that the world set its sights higher and aim for eight specific goals, most of which were to be achieved by 2015. What subsequently came to be known as the MDGs are - 1. Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger. 2. AchieveRead MoreThe Millennium Development Goals Mdgs1562 Words   |  7 PagesThe Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) are comprised of eight goals for global development aimed to enable people to live better lives. 189 nations adopted the UN Millennium Declaration in September 2000, and committed to a new global partnership to reduce extreme poverty and achieve the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) by 2015. To state the facts, MDG Goal 1 has three specific targets. Target 1.A is to halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people whose income is less than $1.25 aRead MoreThe Millennium Development Goals ( Mdgs )1522 Words   |  7 PagesThe Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) were established in 2000 to determine, focus on and put into action steps that will fight eight key areas to help underdeveloped countries. The eight targeted areas which are poverty, education, gender equality, child mortality, maternal health, disease, the environment and global partnership place attention on areas that will help the improvement and betterment of underdeveloped countries. MDG goals and objectives are clear and concise with a developmentRead MoreThe Millennium Development Goals Mdgs1927 Words   |  8 PagesThe Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) are the world’s time bound and quantified targets for addressing extreme poverty in its many dimensions income poverty, hunger, disease, lack of adequate shelter, and exclusion while promoting gender equality, education, and environmental sustainability (UN Millennium Project About the MDGs, pg 1). Today, I will present two goals from the MDGs and two specific countries outside the United States and assess the extent to which the country is doing in achievingRead MoreAchievement of the Millennium Development Goals (Mdgs) for Education in Ethiopia14429 Words   |  58 PagesAchievement OF THE Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) for education in ethiopia PREPARED BY: ABIY NEGUSSIE A senier ESSAY SUBMITTED in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the Bachelor of Arts degree in public administration and development Management Department of Public Administration and Development management Faculty of business and economics Addis Ababa University Addis Ababa, Ethiopia JUNE 2008 ACKNOWLEDGMENT I would like to express my deep appreciation for my mother andRead MoreIs The Best Method For Development Sustainable Development Goals?1490 Words   |  6 Pagespaper pertains to the notion that the best method for development is to set clear, measurable goals such as the Millennium Development Goals. In particular, I will first discuss the arguments supporting and questioning this assertion from a number of authors. I will then consider the question of whether or not this model should be replicated for the next generation of efforts, which are starting to become known as the Sustainable Development Goals. Overall, I will argue that, while it is true that thereRead MoreThe Success of Millennium Development Goals Essay1214 Words   |  5 Pagesstart of the new millennium, the UNO took a very positive initiative in setting a target year in which eight of the world’s most critical problems had to be resolved. The Millennium Summit as it was named was focused on making sure that the world becomes a better place to live in where some of the global problems are eradicated by the countries helping each other. The summit set forth eight goals which were to be achieved by 2015 and named them as the Millennium Development Goals. This was a veryRead MoreMillennium Development Goals : The Millennium Goals1518 Words   |  7 PagesMillennium Development Goals The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) are, eight goals put in place by the 191 UN states, the goals are set to be reached by the year 2015. Signed September of 2000, according to the World Health Organization (WHO) 2015, the United Millennium Declaration commits leaders of the world to combat literacy, hunger, environmental degradation, disease, and discrimination against women. Having specific targets and indicators, the MDGs are acquired from this DeclarationRead MoreIs The Best Method For Development Sustainable Development Goals?855 Words   |  4 Pagespaper pertains to the notion that the best method for development is to set clear, measurable goals such as the Millennium Development Goals. In particular, I will first discuss the arguments supporting and questioning this assertion from a number of authors. I will then consider the question of whether or not this model should be replicated for the next generation of efforts, which are starting to become known as the Sust ainable Development Goals. Overall, I will argue that, while it is true that there

Psychology of Personal Effectiveness Study Guide Essay Sample free essay sample

* Passive Relaxation – inaction confused with relaxation * Active Relaxation – going cognizant of your organic structure A ; physiological reactions in order to consciously cut down your degree of arousal * Diaphragmatic take a breathing – respiration from your venters * -Deep. decelerate. A ; rhythmic * -Natural counterpoison to emphasize * When stressed. take a breathing becomes speedy. shoal. A ; irregular ( F or F response )* Becomes wont for some people when stressed* Practicing Diaphragmatic Breathing* -5 proceedingss per twenty-four hours of witting take a breathing for 3 hebdomads* -Hands Technique* -Book Technique * The value of ego consciousness* Witnessing Stance AKA Self Awareness* Being able to stand apart from ourselves. to see ourselves. and exert control over our ideas and emotions * Any state of affairs that you face. you can be a informant to it ( altering position ) . * -What we tell ourselves about a state of affairs affects our attitude towards it and the significance we give it. * -Changing perspective allows you to give state of affairss new significances. and respond to them otherwise. * Stress Hardiness Attitudes * Attitudes that allow people to cover with stressors efficaciously * Control* Feel they control their lives. non the stressors * Feel that they have resources/options* Internal venue of control / Proactivity* Committedness* -Follow through with a belief of value A ; importance* -Stressors are viewed as potentially interesting A ; meaningful * Challenge* -View stressors as chances * Acquiring Body Wisdom: Warrior Stance* Body wisdom – how the organic structure affects your ideas* â€Å"If you lack the virtuousness. move the virtuousness. † – W. S.* Warrior Stance* Peaceful persons who fight their conflicts inside* Relaxed A ; balance outside that allows first-class reaction times * Notice the body’s response to menace and still take a class of action * If you listen to the organic structure when it whispers. you don’t have to listen to it shriek. * Progressive Muscle Relaxation * Physical tenseness leads to mental tenseness. which worsens physical tenseness * Develops an consciousness of the difference between musculus contraction vs. musculus relaxation * Goal is to develop differentiate relaxation – contract merely the musculuss needed to execute the undertaking at manus * Other Techniques * -Coordinating your take a breathing with tensing and relaxing of each musculus group * -Autogenic Training – speaking yourself into relaxation * -â€Å"My arm is acquiring warm and heavy. †* Meditation* Calm province of head* Can better blood force per unit area and emotions* Has been practiced for the last 5. 000 old ages as portion of about every major faith -Non-judgment/Patience/Beginner’s Mind/Trust/Non-striving/Acceptance/Letting Go. Chapter 7The Big Picture* Carl Jung* Student of Freud* Disagreed that worlds were merely complicated animate beings driven by sex. aggression. pleasure-seeking. etc. * Took a more holistic point of position about humanity* Psyche is divided into 3 parts* Ego – witting* Personal unconscious* Collective unconscious – psychic heritage ; reservoir of our experiences as a species* Contains archetypes – unconditioned inclination to see things in a certain manner that is cosmopolitan* Synchronicity – meaningful happenstances * Carl Jung’s Archetypes* The Self – the consistent whole. incorporate consciousness and unconscious of a individual * the merchandise of individualization. the procedure of incorporating one’s personality * symbolized by the circle or the mandala * The Persona – the mask or visual aspect one presents to the universe * may alter harmonizing to state of affairs and context* The Shadow – portion of the unconscious head consisting of pent-up failings. defects. and instincts * natural and irrational. but is non needfully evil * of import as a beginning of intuitions. in understanding one’s ain more incomprehensible actions and attitudes * Anima/Animus – female image in a male’s unconscious/male image in the female’s unconscious * Wise Old Man * The Mother* The Hero* The Prankster* Life is a enigma.* There are traveling to be some things that merely can non be rationally explained. * Accept this enigma and put to make a relationship with it * In your ain head. inquire it the inquiries you’ve ever wanted an reply to. * Listen to the universe around you for the replies. * Be unfastened to marks and synchronisms.* Answers can come in many forms.* Meditation can assist you larn to hush your head. inquire meaningful inquiries. and become perceptive of replies that you come across. * Life is unsure.* Change is the Lone invariable.* Peacefulness is the realisation and credence of this fact. * Everything is connected.* Chaos Theory* A butterfly flaps its wings in the Amazon and this can interpret into a tidal moving ridge in the Pacific Ocean. The Vision Quest* Search for or the acknowledgment of an facet of your fate.* Strong sense of where you’re headed* Awareness of who and what will assist you acquire there* Archaic times. priest-doctors sent people on pursuits.* Help the individual overcome the restrictions of their mundane perceptual experiences ( switch their paradigm )* Search your dreams A ; phantasies* Consider times that:* Made you smile* Warmed your bosom* Made you cry* Excited you * Allow yourself to follow the train of these ideas* When we die. we are by and large merely concerned with 2 inquiries:* Was I loved?* Did I love good?* Start with Wish ramping* Brainstorming about what you would wish for if you had an limitless supply of wants* Difficult for some people because:* Don’t think that they’re worthy ( low self-pride ) * Think they’ll screw it up* Think they’ll be excessively defeated if their wants don’t come true* Be every bit specific as possible and compose your wants down. Your Mission ( If You Accept It )* Create your ain Fundamental law for your life * Will act like a mission statement of your largest ends * based on your largest beliefs about life and what it is* Basis for doing determinations* Reflect all the functions that you play in your life* Use the hundredth birthday technique Geting Clarity: The Goal of the Goal* Now that you have your ends. analyze them.* Are they possible to accomplish?* A batch of people set impossible ends for themselves. merely to go letdown and give up on themselves and felicity. * What will this end acquire me?Helps you dig deeper into what’s drive youSix Steps For Procuring Your Goals* Step 1 – The end must be stated in positive footings and in a manner that you can accomplish it yourself irrespective of the behaviour of others. * â€Å"I don’t want to be fat any longer. † vs. â€Å"I want to be healthier. † * Step 2 – Make certain you know how you will cognize that you have reached your end. * Create little benchmarks so that as you reach them. you know that what you are making is working. * Step 3 – Describe your ends every bit specifically as you can. * â€Å"I want a fancy auto. † vs. â€Å"I want a 2008 Maserati GranTurismo S† * Step 4 – Are your ends compatible with each other? * â€Å"I want to halt planetary heating and I want a 2008 Maserati GranTurismo S. † * Step 5 – Assess what you already hold and what you are traveling to necessitate in order to make your ends. * What are your skills/assets? * Possibly you want to be an designer. and you’re a great conceptual creative person. but you’re awful at geometry. * Step 6 – Make a program.* What’s the first measure to put you on your journey?Visual image* Before you learned to speak. you could believe.* Largely occurred in images.* Images are the primary medium through which your unconscious operates. * Visualization allows you to change your feelings. behaviour. and physiology. * Covey says. â€Å"Begin with the terminal in head. † * Varied applications* Sports public presentation* MendingProcedure of Visual image* Master voluntary relaxation accomplishments.* Your organic structure reflects your mental province.* You could be directing yourself assorted messages.* Garbage in. refuse out.* Much more than images * Use participant and perceiver imagination* Sequence for visual image* Let travel and be patient.Chapter 8Manage Yourself in Time* Effective persons:* Are really productive* Complete undertakings in a timely mode* Are good organized* Juggle multiple duties * See the â€Å"big picture† while concentrating on the particular inside informations of acquiring something Eight Strategies for Success* Focus First on High Priority Items* Pareto principle/ ( 80/20 ) regulation – 80 % of the benefits come from making 20 % of the work.* Figure out the most of import and good 20 %* This facilitates the staying 80 %* Covey suggests a continuum of low to high importance based on your life ends as define by your personal mission statement. * Scott suggests homocentric circles* Group Related Tasks A ; Make Them Together* Able to execute the undertakings faster* Get Organized* Make To Make Lists* Check off points in advancement and rub off when completed* Create a realistic agenda* Get rid of unneeded documents* Interrupt it into do-able ballsUrgency V. Importance Quadrant I Urgent A ; Important| Quadrant II Non-Urgent A ; Important| CrisesPressing problemsProjects with deadlinesSome meetingsSome preparations| Proactive activitiesLong-range planningNetworkingRelationship buildingPrevention/Maintenance| Quadrant III Urgent but Not Important| Quadrant IV Not Urgent or Important| InterruptionsSome phone callsSome meetingsSome reports/some mailMany pressing matters| Busywork. triviaSome phone callsSome mail/junk mailPleasant activities| Steven covey- He suggests that the starting point is to maintain path of your clip for one hebdomad notating all the meetings. phone calls. study composing that you do. Merely after you know where your clip is spent can you be efficient in forming or apportioning your clip. Steven Covey discuses the difference between the clock and the compass. The clock represents our committednesss assignments. agendas. ends activities †¦how we pull off our clip. The compass represents our vision. values. rules. mission way – what we feel is of import. Our battle to set first things foremost can be characterized by the contrast between two powerful tools that direct us: ( 1 ) the clock and ( 2 ) the compass and when we sense a spread between the clock and the compass. We felt that we were â€Å"responding to crises† ; â€Å"putting out fires† ; or â€Å"not holding clip to make what we should be making.

Music has no Language Barrier Essay Example

Music has no Language Barrier Essay Music has no Language Barrier We all now know that Korean pop music is dominating the music industry these days. Many haters says that international fans cant even understand what they are saying, for all they know, they night be cursing the fans without them knowing It. Believe me, I have met many people, in reality or online, who hates Korean Music. But Is It wrong to love them without knowing their mother tongue? I think there are only 1/3 people who are open minded and the other 2/3 are all close minded people. I mean, male call the male Idols gays. Dont they Just feel Insecure because the male Idols are too handsome and not to mention talented? And when a male Like Korean Music people would judge him as gays, well think bonbons are the ones who have lots of courage because they dont care what other people thinks, Its what they Like so no one has the right to Judge them. Sure, I will admit that their are Korean Fans would go crazy and chase their idols around the town of Seoul but it only shows that they love them deeply that they want to make their idols notice them. Just like in one of the anises I have watched. We will write a custom essay sample on Music has no Language Barrier specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Music has no Language Barrier specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Music has no Language Barrier specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The protagonist would go around saying Sensei, please notice me! I think its like that. From what I have seen people who love Korean music tends to be more picky in picking the people who they want to have a relationship with. Because they want that specific person to have the criteria to be Just like their idol. Music has no language barrier. If you like the music then listen to it. If you want to understand what they are saying learn the language. Idols do learn other language so that they communicate with their fans. So Just like that learn the language and you can communicate with your idol online or in reality.