Is Coeducation Better than Single Sex Education? Essay

This is a topic that has been argued almost since the education system started back in the nineteenth century. Back in those days, education was thought to be necessary only for males and the females were considered as someone who only works around the house, does chores, looks after the children and husband. This has changed drastically since, nowadays more and more girls are getting education as the general population agreed that women need to be empowered as much as men do and can contribute equally to the overall development of their society, nation and the humanity as a whole. Though some rural and backwards societies still resist with this concept, this is becoming very rare indeed. The topic of argument though is whether a coeducation system, which means where both boys and girls can study together in the same enclosure, better or is single sex education system, where either only boys or only girls are allowed to get admitted better, I think co-ed is definitely better. In the present context, coeducation is the more popular system of education than just single sex. Coeducation was first introduced in Western Europe after the Reformation, when certain Protestant groups urged that girls as well as boys should be taught to read the Bible. United States adopted coeducation much earlier than Europe and other parts of the world because traditions, religions and cultures proved to be a major hurdle in those parts accepting coeducation freely at first. Now though, there are more co-ed schools and institutions than single sex ones. In a coeducation system, students of all genders study in the same classrooms. Both the boys and girls are taught the same topics and are given the same tasks, assessments assignments. According to my view co-education is better for every student. It removes shyness, fear and also increases confidence. Some girls or boys hesitate to talk to their opposite gender because of lack of confidence and exposure and this is one of the main problems for a single sex education. As this is a corporate world one has to be able to work with people of different gender, cultures, traditions, family background in every aspects. The student who studies in co-education can adjust in social  environments much better than the student who studies in only boys’ or girls’ college. To take an example: a girl who studies in a girls only institution may feel shy and fear to interact with boys or sometimes may even over react as the environment in college and outside world is different which leads to many problems. The advantages of co-education are numerous. A co-ed system improves good communication between students. A student studying in a segregated education system could have issues with proper communication and expression with the opposite gender due to lack of exposure and practice. A co-ed promotes gender equality and teaches the students to respect the opposite gender. The students can adapt better in the corporate world in many ways because a student studying in a co-ed system has better leadership qualities and can work as a good team member in his or her team. It reduces shyness, fear and hesitation towards the people from the opposite gender. A co-ed system promotes friendship and trust among the opposite gender so there is a sense of bond and unity. It also increases maturity about many issues like family, love, friendship, et cetera as friends share their views, problems and solutions among each other. By sharing ideas and views from both genders’ point of view, students increase his/her thinking abilities as a whole. Friendship develops in a very natural way in co-educational schools. This happens because there are so many activities, societies and clubs in the school in which girls and boys take part in a pleasant, well-supervised environment. This friendly atmosphere continues into the classroom allowing young people to express their views openly and assertively. It helps to break down the misconceptions of each sex about the other and provides an excellent foundation for the development of realistic, meaningful and lasting relationships in later life. A co-educational school is also very successful in challenging sexist attitudes. Many subjects in secondary school allow for considerable classroom discussion and debate. In a co-educational school both the female and male perspectives will be explored in such discussions and this is a very important learning experience for all. In so doing they learn that ‘equality’ does not mean ‘sameness’ – that  men and wome n often have different perspectives on the same issues and that each approach has a great deal to offer the other. There are many advantages of co-education over single sex education but it does not at all mean that single sex education system is worthless. Segregated education system has its own advantages and plus points too. It mostly depends on the students, how they utilize the environment properly too. Co-education is better for the modern society’s point of view for the overall development of the students and as a result the society, nation and the world as a whole.

Birmingham Letter Illusions Essay

Letter from Birmingham Jail Allusions in Section 3 Martin Luther King’s Letter from Birmingham Jail is one of the most well known documents in American history. King’s profound ability to articulate important ideas, values, concepts and Biblical perspectives made for some of the most powerful and inspirational pieces of American literature ever produced. One technique that King used in his public speeches and letters was his allusions to historical figures, the Bible and opposing congressmen. During the 60’s when cultural prejudice still held strong roots in Congress, it was King’s talent to inspire the public that revolutionized America’s racial injustices. King’s frequent use of allusions in his famous Letter from Birmingham Jail proved his intelligence and greatly attributed to his success and popularity during the 1960’s. His allusions demonstrated his referential capabilities while also making his messages readily relatable to the public. It was often said that it was not King’s intelligence that made him seem so acumen, but that he was â€Å"well read†(knew much from reading). His frequent allusions to major documents and famous statements in contest to his adversaries ultimately lead to his dominance in public speech. In the paragraphs 12 through 14 when king references the election of mayor Albert Boutwell, he states, â€Å"We are sadly mistaken if we feel that the election of Albert Boutwell as mayor will bring the millennium to Birmingham† in paragraph twelve. The millennium is an allusion to a specific verse from the Bible’s book of Revelation interpreted as the 1,000 years in which Jesus comes back to earth to restore peace. He made many correlations to the Bible and major public documents, such as the Declaration of Independence and the Bill of Rights to make his arguments accurate and mainly understandable by restating vital rules and quotes that even the illiterate could comprehend. In these paragraphs he quoted the Bible by using phrases like â€Å"moral light, â€Å"abyss of despair† and â€Å" unjust posture. † King used the word â€Å"wait† in this section of the letter multiple times as a allusion to the current denial of rights to African Americans that had been going on for the last 340 years. He also stated that â€Å"justice too long delayed is justice denied† in correlation to the current racial dilemma in America at the time. All of these direct references made for some of the most significant and powerful American literature ever created and made Martin Luther King one of the most successful authors in this period of civil revolution. By reinforcing his argument with allusions that the public could relate to, King was able to greatly impact the civil rights movement of the 1960’s and ultimately bring around the social turning point of the century that provided racial equality to all and smother prejudice in America thereafter.

Frankenstein and Bladerunner Essay

How do Frankenstein and Bladerunner reflect their Composers context? Mary Shelley’s Gothic Romantic novel Frankenstein and Ridley Scott’s Science Fictions Noir film Blade Runner both explore similar ideas however relative to the context in which they were both made. Both Scott and Shelley use their texts as a cautionary tale, warning humanity of their inevitable downfall through greed and the exploitation of nature, and the influence science is slowly obtaining over the role of religion. Through the use of visual and auditory techniques, Scott demonstrates how nature and religion are absent in a world overrun by consumerism and technology while Shelley similarly uses imagery and allusions to hint at the consequences humanity will suffer if they try to better God through the misuse of science and the exploitation and nature. Humanity’s rejection of the natural world in favour of the unnatural pursuit of technology to prolong life is a major concern in both Shelley’s Frankenstein and Scott’s Blade Runner. In the world of Frankenstein, nature is an important aspect of a person’s life and beliefs. Shelley conveys Victor’s desire to conquer nature through the use of his narration such as â€Å"new species would bless me as its creator†¦many happy and excellent natures would owe their being to me. † The monster is then used as a metaphor for the inevitable consequences of the exploitations of nature. She therefore uses Frankenstein as a warning against the rising industrial revolution. Similarly Scott uses Blade Runner to warn society against the exploitation or nature through the rise of consumerism in the 1980s. The long shot of a dark dystopian Los Angeles after the opening credits juxtaposed with jets of fire from oil refinery towers warns the viewer of the consequences of consumerism through the exploitation of nature. There is also a lack of natural imagery such as plants and animals seen in Blade Runner and the use of chiaroscuro lighting gives the world a very artificial tone indicating to the audience that nature has been destroyed.

International Business CaseStudy2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

International Business CaseStudy2 - Essay Example The company has set up quality standards and code of practice that decides their business strategy for allowing suppliers to remain in the network or have their supply agreements terminated for failing to meet these standards. Most companies do not have the ability to set up this type of monitoring and control along a very diverse and geographically-dispersed supply network. Li & Fung’s model is difficult to imitate because of the investment and organization necessary to have such a well developed supply management strategy. Buyers and other intermediaries do not have the knowledge or resources to be this efficient or have office presence in so many different countries. It would take considerable capital investment in order to even try to imitate Li & Fung’s diverse business model. Though the case study does not give indications of organization, it would appear that Li & Fung are able to successfully coordinate such a vast supply network and supply management strategy. Having presence in many countries gives the business an edge and provides them with access to many small suppliers unknown to buyers. ... It is more practical from a leadership perspective and a cost perspective to use experts in the field especially if they have provided very proven results in the intermediary business model. Liz Claiborne sold their sourcing operations to Li & Fung for over $80 million, which shows the very high costs associated with trying to manage these negotiations. It is more cost effective to pay Li & Fung since it guarantees results, expansion of supply opportunities, and reduces the high capital costs of setting up the offices and facilities needed to perform these regular bargaining tactics. QUESTION 3 During the financial crisis, companies have their resources stretched even more thinly. Coupled with market instability, there are risks of their stock values being hit negatively, which reduces even more capital availability. Li & Fung have set up a streamlined and productive (not to mention cost effective) business model. It makes more cost sense for companies to seek out the talents and qua lity philosophy of intermediaries during economic slumps. Not only that, but the company earned $12 billion in revenue between 2004 and 2007 with expectations of record profit in 2009. This puts the business into a unique position to invest this capital in improving supply chain strategies (e.g. technologies, etc.) that will only make their reputation for quality business more effective in the industry to attract more international customers wanted efficiency and cost savings in procurement. DenTek Case Study QUESTION 1 Domestic growth producing a 30 percent growth rate and annual revenues around $50 million is not a small victory in a very competitive market

HRM effectiveness Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

HRM effectiveness - Essay Example He/she also has to take into account the firm's responsibilities to the society that it operates in. Human resource management deals with the "people" dimension in management. In their book Human Resource Management, Byars and Rue, say "Human Resource Management encompasses those activities designed to provide for and coordinate the human resources of an organization (Rue, 2000)." According to Ivancevich and Glueck, "Personnel or Human resource management is the function performed in organizations that facilitates the most effective use of people or employees to achieve organizational and individual goals (Glueck, 1995)." Every organization is composed of people and utilizing their services, developing their skills, motivating them to enhance their levels of performance and ensuring that they remain committed to the organization are essential for the accomplishment of organizational objectives. This is true for all types of organizations - government, business, education, health, recreation and social action. Acquiring and retaining good human resources is an essential pre-condition for the success of every organization. Organizations that can do this will be both effective i.e. they will be able to achieve their goals as well as efficient i.e. they will use minimum resources necessary to achieve their goals. Inefficient or ineffective organizations face the danger of stagnating or going out of business. Competent managers and workers are essential for the coordination of efforts towards the ultimate objectives which ensure the survival of the organization. Though such coordination alone cannot guara ntee success, the lack of it can lead to failure. In the changing times, it has become evident that it is the human resources of an organization or a country that can lead it on the path of success. It is the competencies and attitudes of the human resources that can make or break a business. The business of attracting and retaining talent and nurturing it has become imperative for the development of an organization. Innovative and proactive HR managers have been defining new boundaries of HRM. The turbulent and dynamic markets and the changing values and expectations of the workforce have made the earlier concepts of personnel management irrelevant. A new strategic role has emerged for HRM - that of a key player, to make the organization survive and succeed in a highly competitive business environment. Business has become knowledge based, service oriented, competitive and more dynamic in this new age. The quality of human resources has become an essential factor in determining the success of any organization. In the words of Eric Flamholtz a renowned HR consultant and a Professor at Anderson Graduate School, human resources accounting is defined as "accounting people as organizational resources. Human resources accounting is measurement of the cost and value of people for an organization (Flamholtz, 1999)." Till recently, people were not accounted as resources and no value was attributed to their contribution. However, in recent times, the criticality of the contributions of human resources have been acknowledged and recognized. Hence, the concept of attributing an

DB2_SBS318 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

DB2_SBS318 - Essay Example People live in the atmosphere of immigration, without beginning and end, but only few know the true origins of Mexican migration to the United States. As such, the purpose of Gonzalez’s book is to provide facts, describe the history of immigration from Mexico to the U.S. and to emphasize the differences between Latin American and European immigration. It is really important as the immigrants need to know the history of their move to the United States in order to understand their position and choose the right direction. In his book, Gonzalez (2001) discusses the three important themes. First, the roots of the Latino immigration and its evolution are described. A reader can learn the important facts, which were not known before. Second, Gonzalez applies to the anecdotal evidence from one particular family, to reconsider immigration experiences from the viewpoint of one Hispanic family. Finally, Gonzalez describes modern Hispanic immigration in relation to the growth of political mobilization among the Hispanic immigrants. The themes of cultural assimilation and the marginalization of minorities have to complete the picture of Mexican immigration to the U.S. This is essential for Mexican immigrants to obtain the right understanding of their past and the author wants to help with it. Unfortunately, not always can the author stay neutral. Gonzalez (2001) is a prominent Latino journalist, and he cannot always conceal his rage at American racism and domination. This can be easily traced throughout his writing. The struggle against racism is an important issue but the author seems to overemphasize the differences between European and Mexican immigration, while it is known that many immigrants from other countries were treated even worse. Nevertheless, what he writes at the end of the introductory chapter of his book lays the foundation and defines the direction of his argument: â€Å"The American people still cling to

Criminology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Criminology - Essay Example In fact, crime is a social construct that helps to identify the cultures values, mores and the acceptable behavior within the society. Mertons theory says that society shapes the way people are to act and appear within certain confines. He says that aspiration is very important to the achievement in people and that society determines how people should aspire to their goals. He suggests that anomie in society creates a link between how people place emphasis on aspirations and the "levels of emphasis" they place on these aspirations (Davis, 2005). Merton says that crime is not a positive aspect of society and that it does not help it. Instead, crime is an example of how poorly a society is organized. When examining these theories it is very easy to see what Merton is talking about when you look at crime in the United States. There are a number of people who aspire to the goal of attaining wealth or some level of comfort. They have prescribed to the need to take care of their homes and families and they have good jobs that support their ends. However, there is a large group of society who does not have access to good jobs or to wealth. They live in poverty or they are homeless. Still others are involved with crime because this is the "easiest way" in their minds to create the money they need for their basic needs or to acquire wealth. They do not prescribe to societys social order but instead make rules of their own. One of the greatest reasons why this happens is because the basic needs have not been met by a society that is more influenced by power and achievement than it is on making sure that all citizens achieve. According to Derkheim (1897): No living being can be happy or even exist unless his needs are sufficiently proportioned to his means. In other words, if his needs require more than can be granted, or even merely something of a different sort, they will be under continual friction and can only function painfully. Movements incapable

Guillermo Furniture Store Scenario Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Guillermo Furniture Store Scenario - Essay Example This case study concerns the strategic challenges faced by a relatively small but successful local furniture maker in the face of a large foreign competitor with superior technology and lower prices. The salient facts are as follows. a. A new competitor entered from overseas, with high tech methods and low prices. The plant in Norway was highly automated, used very little labour (used robotics). Production could move between products quickly, and runs on a 24- hour basis (shift-differentials could be more than offset by reduction in labor). 1. Guillermo may tie up with a Norwegian competitor which did not want to operate retail outlets locally but preferred to rely on chain distributors. Guillermo, while retaining the high-end custom work, intends to represent the Norwegian company, converting his company’s primary focus from manufacturing to distribution. 2. Guillermo had a patented process for creating a coating for his furniture which was flame-retardant and, with further processing, stain resistant. There was market for the flame-retardant but not the finished coating. Budgets represent short-term financial forecast, particularly of expected cash flows, based on the business plans drawn by the company, to see if forecasted cash outflows and their timing could be sufficiently covered by cash inflows (revenues and liabilities), and if not, to allocate for future financing at the time they would be needed. Past performance reports to see the history of costs and sales, and to draw insights as to the behavior of costs and revenues given the environmental indicators. Ratios, trends and sensitivity analyses of costs and revenues compared to each other and to economic indicators is important in determining how the company will be affected by a prospective decision. Ratio analysis of historical and cross-sectional accounts are helpful

Devil in the White City Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Devil in the White City - Essay Example Larson tries to combine the story of the 1893 Columbia exposition with a tale of an urban serial killer; he contrasts the white city which was painted white all over with the Holmes world's fair hotel which was dark which portrays good and bad. The gilded age refers to the period between1865-1901; this is the post civil war period and was characterized by economic, industrial and population expansion. This were the early days of industrial revolution where there was an expansion of infrastructure especially railway transport system. In 1890's America was undergoing a shift from an agricultural to an industrial society, the fair was one of this progress. The construction of the 14 great buildings of the fair was a sign of unity and pride. The fair has attracted many visitors all over America and the world and it has an impact on culture and entertainment. At this time Chicago become populated by people from neighboring towns, in 1890 to 1900 the population in America increased from 62 million to 76 million people, young women migrated into the city and were employed as typewriters, weaver and also as stenographers. Many people in Chicago would die by being hit by trains and cars and there were many homicides, crime increased and the police were without manpower to manage it. Fires also would take lives in Chicago and also other diseases like cholera, diphtheria and influenza. In the first six months of 1892 Chicago experienced nearly eight hundred homicides. Urban dwellers were faced with significant changes such as corruption in local governments, filthy streets and poor sanitation even in wealthiest sections of the town The fair: The fair was a cultural centre in that it also included music performed by many marching bands. The fair also changed peoples reaction to technology, visitors realized that technology was not a force to be feared and this saw America on the path forward to modernity. This story is based on the development of Chicago as an industrialized town where people migrated from other towns by train to the city to find jobs, this caused increased population in this town and also reveals the causes of deaths to people who came to the city and disappeared. Burnham was determined to make America's fair bigger than the one in France. Larson Erik attempts to describe the American history in this novel, Holmes in his book resemble Herman Mudget who was a serial killer in Chicago. Mudget came to Chicago and worked for a pharmacist widow, when she died he took over the business and through his charming character he was able to convince young ladies and his consumers and was able to erect his own building which had secret path ways that he used to torture and kill his victims. He built a world's fair hotel which was a horrific castle with dead ending hall ways, air tight rooms, giant kilns and acid vats; through his charming and uncanny ability he would tricked policemen and his creditors, Holmes convinced mothers to leave their children under his care, creditors to give him more time and friends to allow him take life insurance policies for them. Holmes was never detected until the close of the fair; he was executed in 1896 in Pennsylvania for killing his henchman and confessed killing 27 people. The Columbia day holiday is a

Habitat Conservation Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Habitat Conservation Plan - Essay Example Habitat conservation plans work for the betterment of endangered species. These plans serve as a lifeline for the species which are extinct or are on the verge of extinction. Endangerment of species is a rising problem due to which many habitat conservation plans have surfaced in the past few years. These plans work in accordance with the scientific data available which the scientists bring to their full use. When the plans for conservation of habitat are made ground rules are set. These include assessing the status of a species which is endangered, predicting the project effects and outcomes, mitigating for those effected, and monitoring the final results (Harding, 2001).The plans that are made make full use of the scientific data available on the species of animals or plants that are at the risk of extinction. The basic rule that these plans follow are initiation of mitigation measures against the local threats that the species face. The main problem that these plans face is that t he number of endangered species is high but the budget the government puts aside for these conservation plans is less. The article brings reflects upon the fact that due to urbanization, industrialization and commercialization various species of animals and plants are on the verge of extinction. Their habitats are being exchanged for the use of humans. Due to these problems ecologists and scientists have accelerated their collaborations on making plans for the conservation of habitats.

Sodium, and Potassium Essay Example for Free

Sodium, and Potassium Essay Discussion In this lab, six different metals were tested for their reactivity in water. From less reactive to most reactive, the metals were as follows: Aluminum, Magnesium, Calcium, Lithium, Sodium, and Potassium. A pattern found in the periodic table explaining the reactivity of metals is the further down in a family, and the further left in a period, the more reactive the metal will be. Aluminum and Magnesium were both the less reactive. Neither of the metals produced hydrogen, or not enough to have a positive test to prove it was there. Metals + H O H + Metal Hydroxide Calcium gave off a large amount of Hydrogen gas. Lighting a splint, placing it in the test tube, and hearing a loud pop proved this. When the calcium was placed in the water, it caused the temperature to rise to such a high level it was not possible to hold with bare hands. This could be because the electrons are moving so quickly that it causes the temperature to rise. The calcium formed a white, powder-like precipitate at the bottom of the test tube. Lithium, Sodium, and Potassium all had very violent reactions in water. Phenolphthalein was added to the beakers after the metals had reacted, and the water turned a pink/ purple color proving that these metals make bases, and therefore have a pH between eight and. Common reactions between metals were they all formed hydrogen gas, even if it was a very small amount. Lithium, Sodium, and Potassium all tested positive to be a base with phenolphthalein, and all had an oily surface. A pattern found in the periodic table explaining the reactivity of metals is the further down in a family, and the further left in a period, the more reactive the metal will be. This is because the elements in period I, Lithium, Sodium, and Potassium, only have one valence electron, and it is quite simple to lose it. Also, the further down the family, the more the ionization energy decreases because of the shielding effect (the inner electrons block the attraction of the nucleus for outer electrons) and atomic radius (the greater the distance between the nucleus and the outer electron). However, the further to the right of the periodic table, the more the ionization energy increase because of the nuclear charge, electron arrangement ( an electron in a full of a half full energy level requires additional energy to be removed), and atomic radius. This explains why Aluminum was the least reactive, and Potassium was the most reactive.

Whats Eating Gilbert Grape Essay Example for Free

Whats Eating Gilbert Grape Essay World War I was supposed to be the war that ended all wars. Instead it set the stage for future conflicts throughout the 20th Century. The people of the time called the conflict the Great War, and they believed that there would never again be another like it. Although the United States tried to remain neutral, it was eventually drawn into the conflict. The war had a profound effect on the nation, and touched upon many aspects of American life. When the war ended, the United States, and the world, was changed forever. Your Task: Place all of your answers in your computer notebook for the following questions. Your notebook should include pictures, maps and anything else you want to make your project the best. Please use the links provided and your textbook to answer the following: Area 1 : Choosing sides and war plans: 1. Using the map in your text pp. 375 and the chart on page 379, answer the following in your notebook. -Allied Powers (6 major countries) Great Britain, France, Russia, Italy, Serbia and the U.S -Central Powers (4 major countries) German, Hungarian, Turkish, Bulgarian -Neutrals (6 major countries) Switzerland, Sweden, Spain, Norway, Ireland, Denmark and the Netherlands. -What were the central and the allies called before the war? The Central powers were known before the war as the Triple alliance and before the war the Allies were known as the triple entente. 2. Which side did the United States eventually join? Why? All allied forces, The US had planned to stay out of the war at first. They would only send aid to the Allied Powers, but they did not fight. When Germany heard they were sending aid to the Allies, they got angry and bombed one of the supply ships, which really angered the US. Thus, the US joined the war on the Allied side. 3. Which country switched sides just before the war started? Why? Italy was in the Triple Alliance but then switched to fight with Russia, Britain and France and don’t forget the U.S. 4. List and describe the four long term causes of World War I. Militarism- is when a country builds up on their armys navys and weaponry. Alliances- A union or association formed for mutual benefit, esp. between countries or organizations. Imperialism- A policy of extending a countrys power and influence through diplomacy or military force. Nationalism- An extreme form of this, esp. marked by a feeling of superiority over other countries. 5. What was the spark! that led to the immediate cause of World War I? Murder of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria set-off chain reaction of national treaties guaranteeing alliances/protections and they honored those agreements until they were all at war with each other. 6. Who was General Schlieffen, and what was his plan for World War I? What was his country trying to avoid by implementing this plan? Alfred Von Schrieffen to help Germany win a war on two fronts against France and Russia. The general gist of it was that Germany would attack France first as their army was the most organized. They would surprise the French by attacking through Belgium (not accounting for the fact that the UK would rush in to help, and that Belgium itself would put up a fight.) and spit in half half would take the coast to defend against Britain, whilst the other half would circle round and take Paris. They expected Russia would take a few weeks to get ready for war by which time they would have cap tured France and be ready to fight Russia. Area 2 : Weapons of War: 1) List and describe 4 weapons introduced in World War I. Be sure to explain their effectiveness and how they were used? Tank- The tank was first used at the little known Battle of Flers. It was then used with less success at the Battle of the Somme. Though the tank was highly unreliable – as one would expect from a new machine – it did a great deal to end the horrors of trench warfare and brought back some mobility to the Western Front. Gas- most feared of all weapons in World War One. Poison gas was indiscriminate and could be used on the trenches even when no attack was going on. Whereas the machine gun killed more soldiers overall during the war, death was frequently instant or not drawn out and soldiers could find some shelter in bomb/shell craters from gunfire. A poison gas attack meant soldiers having to put on crude gas masks and if these were unsuccessful, an attack could leave a victim in agony for days and weeks before he finally succumbed to his injuries. Rifle- they used rifles to use people duhhhh.. they could only use those because they were in a trench and it was hard to get other stuff in there. Machinegun- Machine guns inflicted appalling casualties on both war fronts in World War One. Men who went over-the-top in trenches stood little chance when the enemy opened up with their machine guns. Machine guns were one of the main killers in the war and accounted for many thousands of deaths. 2) What is Propaganda? What were four reasons propaganda posters were used? Propoganda is the aim of getting people to believe your side of the story 1. They were trying to enlist people into the army. 2. They were trying to convince people to ration the food they used and send the rest to the soldiers 3.They were trying to convince people to grow victory gardens and send the food to soldiers 4. They were trying to show people the opposing side was a monster and to donate money/food/work to help the soldiers fight them 3) What nation produced the most posters throughout WWI? Germany. 4) Go to sidebar to the right and click on a couple of countries; England, U.S. and Germany. Are they similar? List some symbols, messages, similarities and differences, if any, in the posters. No they are not similar. Area 3: Life in the Trenches: 1) What is trench foot? What caused trench foot? Trench foot is a condition of the foot resembling frostbite, caused by prolonged exposure to cold and dampness and often affecting soldiers in trenches. 2) What affects did it have on the body? What was the remedy for it? Trench foot is what you get when your feet have been exposed to long periods off wet, cold, and unsanitary conditions .If the infection was left to sit without medical attention for to long it could turn into gangrenous and have to be amputated. The remedy was for officers to change their socks at least 4 times a day and wear thigh high boots. 3) Read the diary entries from Thomas Fredrick Littler and answer the following: * Describe some common repetitive themes (tasks) of trench life. July 2nd 1916 (Sunday) We rested all day, and many of us are still a little shaky. July 3rd 1916 We had a number of reinforcements sent to us, and paraded at 9-30 p.m and moved up the line to Foncquevillers a little to the north of Hebuterne and were billeted in cellars, turned out to work at 11-p.m and went up the trenches and in places we were waist deep in water, and at last got to the fire trench and went on top and put out 150yds of barbed wire and returned to billets at 4-30 in the morning. July 4th 1916 Put another 150 yrds of barbed wire on the top and the trenches were still waist deep in water July 5th 1916 Just the same as the day before. * Define stalemate, How does the definition of this word describe life in the trenches? Stalemate in ww1 refers to the period throughout the war where trenches dominate the front-line. Like the definition stalemate, during this period the battle lines barely moved, so most historians refer to it as stalemate. 3) What was No Mans Land? (Please be sure to describe at least three distinct features) No Mans Land is the area of land between the trenches of the opposing forces. To get to No Mans Land you had to crawl under barbed wire . While in No Mans Land you were at high risk of dying as you could easily be shot dead by a sniper bullet. You were most likely be taken down by machine guns or simple assault rifles, if you went to No Mans Land snipers were for long distances for the enemies who were in trenches. The machine guns that the Germans had were much more advanced; the English ones were more basic Area 4: America enters the War: 1) What was the Lusitania? What is the significance of the Lusitania in the War? How many people died and were there any Americans on board? Lusitania was a ship built by Cunard for the Admiralty, who loaned the shipbuilder 2,600,000 pounds for the construction of two ships, the Lusitania and her sister ship RMS Mauretania. Both ships were to be built to Admiralty standards for heavy cruisers and during time of war would be placed in the service of the British Navy. Carried Americans. On the Lusitania a total of 1,198 people died (785 passengers and 413 crew). Those killed included 128 US citizens. 2) How many Allied and Neutral ships were lost to submarines in 1917? How much total number of Allied and Neutral ships were sunk by submarines between 1914-1918? (Scroll downits there!) there were 2,439 ships were lost. There were 4,837sunk. 3) What is the Zimmerman Telegram and who wrote it? Why did Americans feel threatened by this telegram? (Think Monroe Doctrine). The Zimmermann Telegram (or Zimmermann Note; Zimmermann-Depesche; Telegrama Zimmermann) was a 1917 proposal, Arthur Zimmermann wrote it. The British intercepted a telegram sent from Germany to Mexico asking the Mexicans to attack the U.S. if the U.S. got involved in WWI. They promised the Mexicans money and a return of AZ, CA, NM territory lost by the Mexicans to the U.S. in the Mexican American War of 1846-8. Mexico considered it, after all, they did not like the U.S. or Wilson, but were more afraid of the U.S. than Germany. Plus, Germany is 1000s of miles away it was one of the factors that helped bring us into the war. 4) In the telegram, what did the German government decide to begin on Feb. 1, 1917? What was promised to Mexico in the telegram? 5) When does the Untied States declare war on Germany? Who was John J. Pershing? There were two major reasons. First off, the German U-Boats sank 3 passenger ships carrying US civilians and citizens. As if that wasnt enough, the Germans sent the Zimmerman code, which was a code (intercepted and decoded by Britain) that asks Mexico to ally itself with the Axis (or, at least Germany). If Mexico does ally itself with the Axis, then the Axis would help Mexico take back some of the original Mexican lands that the US took over. Seeing this, the US got pissed (after a large amount of casualties and a lethal threat note) and began to attack (or, declare war on Germany). Because the British were also going against Germany, and Britain was once the US homeland, the US joined war on the Allies side. John. J. Pershing was a general officer in the United States Army who led the American Expeditionary Forces in World War I. Pershing is the only person to be promoted in his own lifetime to the highest rank ever held in the United States Army—General of the Armies (a retroactive Congressional edict passed in 1976 promoted George Washington to the same rank but with higher seniority[1]). Pershing holds the first United States officer service number (O-1). He was regarded as a mentor by the generation of American generals who led the United States Army in Europe during World War II, including George C. Marshall, Dwight D. Eisenhower, Omar N. Bradley, and George S. Patton. 6) What was the Brest-Litovsk Treaty? How did it affect the fighting on the Western Front? (Think Schlieffen Plan) The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was a peace treaty signed on March 3, 1918, at Brest-Litovsk (now Brest, Belarus) between the Russian SFSR and the Central Powers, marking Russias exit from World War I. it make fighting more intense on the western front. Area 5: Results of the War: 1) What was the name of President Wilson’s Speech to Congress on January 8, 1918? 14 points. 2) Through the points mentioned in the above article, how does Wilson address: * Imperialism- * Militarism- * Navigation of the seas- * International trade- * Self-determination What does this mean- * League of Nations- 3) How does the US Congress feel about the League of Nations? Why is this League set up for failure? 4) In Articles 231232 of the Treaty of Versailles, what is Germany responsible for? 5) What happened to most of Wilsons Points in the final draft of the Treaty of Versailles? Why? 6) What country lost the most soldiers, and has the most missing, How many American soldiers died and what was the total number of soldiers who died in the war? 7) When did the war end? When was the Treaty of Versailles signed? Why are these dates significant? 8) Why did this attitude of an unfair peace and US noninvolvement in the League of Nations help set up the foundations for a new world conflict? Reflection Assignment Historical Context: World War I was supposed to be the war that ended all wars. Instead it set the stage for future conflicts throughout the 20th Century. The people of the time called the conflict the Great War, and they believed that there would never again be another like it. Although the United States tried to remain neutral, it was eventually drawn into the conflict. The war had a profound effect on the nation, and touched upon many aspects of American life. When the war ended, the United States, and the world, was changed forever. Using the information acquired from your Webquest, write a well-constructed essay including the following: * An Introduction, body and conclusion. * Evidence of proof reading—grammar and spelling do not interfere with the message. * Answer a separate sheet of paper to be used as a rough draft for your next test. -List and describe the long and short-term causes of World War I. Be sure to also include how the agreements at the Treaty of Versailles left many of the causes still in place after the war. -Be sure to use specific examples from your World War I Webquest as well as other information provided in class. -Be sure your thesis is supported through the body and conclusion from this packet and other information from this unit. -Be sure the essay has clarity and answers the question. On Sunday, June 28, 1914, in Sarajevo, Bosnia, an 18-year-old Serbian named Gavrilo Princip, shot and killed Archduke Francis Ferdinand and his wife Duchess Sophie while they were driving in an open car. Princip belonged to a sercet terror society, called the Black Hand, that wanted to rid Bosnia of Austrian rule and unite it with Serbia. The assassination led to the first World War. This terrible conflict latsed over 4 years, involved over 30 nations, and claimed more than 20,000,000 lives, both miltary and civilian. It cost billions of dollars, destroyed Europe, crumbled empires, and sowed seeds of World War 2. There were also others causes that led up to World War 1. Over time, countries in Europe made mutual defense agreements that would pull them into battle. If one country was attacked, allied countries were bound to defend them. Before World War 1, the following alliances existed: Russia and Serbia, Germany and Austria-Hungary (The Dual Alliance 1879), France and Russia (Franc o-Russian Alliance 1891), Britain and France and Belgium, and Japan and Britain. Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia (July 28, 1914), Russia got involved to defend Serbia. Germany seeing Russia mobilizing, declared war on Russia (August 1, 1914). France was then drawn in against Germany and AustriaHungary (August 3, 1914). Germany attacked France through Belgium pulling Britain into war (August 4, 1914). This eventually split the continent into two hostile sides. The Central Powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary, later joined by Bulgaria and the Ottoman Empire), and the Allies (Great Britain, France, Russia, later joined by Japan, Italy, and the United States). Another factor that increased the rivalry in Europe was imperialism. Before World War 1, Africa and parts of Asia were areas of conflict between the European countries. This was because of the raw materials these areas could provide. The increasing competition and desire for greater empires led to an increase in conflict that helped start World War I. Militarism means that the army and military forces are given a high profile by the government. The division between European countries and militarism, or a policy of glorying military power and keeping an army prepared for war, led to an arms race between the main countries, another cause of World War I. The armies of both France and Germany had more than doubled between 1870 and 1914, and there was fierce competition between Britain and Germany for mastery of the seas. In the fall of 1914, a series of battles occured in the region of northern France known as the Western Front. During this time a German general, named Alfred Graf von Schlieffen, had drawn up a plan, called the Schlieffen Plan, which called for attacking and defeating France in the west and rushing to fight Russia in the east. By early September, German troops had reached the outskirts of Paris. But, on September 5, the Allies attacked the Germans northeast of Paris, in the valley of Marne River. The Germans retreated after four days of fighting. The Battle of the Marne was an important battle because the Frenc h and British forces were able to stop the Schlieffen plan for a quick victory. However, the German army was not beaten, and its successful retreat ended all hope of a short war. By early 1915, armies on the Western Front began digging long trenches to protect themselves from opposing armies. This became known as trench warfare where soldiers fought each other from trenches. New technology, such as machine guns, poison gas, tanks, and submarines, allowed armies to wipe out each other more quickly. War was also going on in a region known as the Eastern Front, which strecthed along the Russian and German border. In this region, the Russian and the Serbs fought the Germans and Austro-Hungarians. Here, the Russians lost many lives. Near the town of Tannenberg, the Germans defeated the Russians killing over 30,000 Russian soldiers. In September 1914, after defeating the Austrians twice, the Russians were defaeted by the Austrians pushing them out of Austria-Hungary. By 1916, Russia was near collapse. Russia was less industrialized than the other European countries, but they had a large population which allowed their army to rebuilt its ranks. In Feburary 1915, the Allies made an effort to take the Dardanelles strait, which led to the Ottoman capital Constantinople. Taking over this region, would allow them to defeat the Turks and make a supply line to Russia. This became known as the Gallipoli campaign. The Gallipoli peninsula was attacked by British, French, Australian, and New Zealand troops. By May, the campaign turned bloody. In December, the Allies began to evacuate. They had lost over 250,000 soldiers. Germanys colonies in Africa and Asia were attacked. The Japanese defeated the Germans in China and captured Germanys Pacific island colonies. Four of Germanys colonies were attacked by France and England who took control of three of the colonies. Soldiers and laborers from India, South Africa, Senegal, Egypt, Algeria, and Indochina joined their French or British rulers in hope that their service would lead to their independence. In 1917, many wars took place on the sea. During the year, the Germans used unrestricted submarine warfare, in which the submarines would sink without warning any ships in the water around Britain. In Janurary 1917, a German submarine sunk the British passenger ship Lusitania which left 1,198 people dead, including 128 United States citizens. Germany claimed the ship had been carrying ammunition, but still recevied strong protests from President Woodrow Wilson. After two more attacks, the Germans agreed to stop attacking neutral and passenger ships. In February 1917, United States officals intercepted a telegram from Arthur Zimmermann, Germanys foreign secretary, which stated that Germany would hel p Mexico regain the land it lost to the United States if Mexico would help Germany fight. This pushed President Wilson, on April 2, 1917, to ask Congress to declare war on Germany. The United States then joined the Allies. When the United States entered the war, the war had already been going on for three years. World War 1 became a total war because all of the countries devoted their resources to the war. The wartime government took control of the economy and told factories what and how much to produce. Nearly every civilian able to work was put to work. Governments began rationing or limiting the number of goods people bought that might be needed at war and using propaganda to put people in favor of the war. Women were also a big help by taking over factories jobs and helping the wounded on the battlefield. In March 1917, Czar Nicholas was forced to step down due the shortages of fuel and food in Russia. By 1917, about 5.5 million Russian soldiers were either killed, wounded, or a prisoner of war. Russia refused to fight anymore. In November 1917, a Communist leader, named Vladimie llyich Lenin took control and insisted on pulling Russia out of the war. Germany and Russia signed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk which ended the war between them in March 1918. In May 1918, the Germans again reached the Marne River. In July 1918, the Allies and the Germans fought the second battle of Marne. The weakened Central Powers were unable to fight off the Allies. The Bulgarians first surrendered and then the Ottomans. In Germany, the soldiers and the people revolted. On November 9, 1918, Kaiser Wilhelm II stepped down, and Germany became a republic with socialist Friedrich Elbert as president. A representative of the new German government met with Commander Marshal Foch near Paris. They signed an armistice or an agreement to stop fighting. On November 11, the Great War came to an end. World War 1 left the nations of Europe devastated. France and England had large debts. Germany, near economic collapse, was told to pay reparations that it could not pay. For hope the Germans turned to a man, named Adolf Hitler, that promised to avenge Germanys defeat. This would soon lead to another bloody war in the years to come.

Effect of Political Instability on International Trade

Effect of Political Instability on International Trade ABSTRACT Regarding political instability in African Country, it is also undeniable that African continent has gone through some tough situation during fifty years past. But the fact is almost African cases regarding political instability the major cause of problem is leadership. And because of this African freedom heroes come to dictators, while African natural resources, politics of elimination and scarcity to slope the balance of authority continues to control the public globe. Moreover, these difficulties have been pointed out due to ordinary Africans leaders who already edged and they dont want to retire. Political instability in Africa may be obliged much of its reason to internal factors, though the interpenetration of internal and external aspect especially geo-political and economic comfort of the international community always play a major role in undermining the vey procedure and society that are expected to care for democracy and to inspire a sense of stability for community development in Africa. In combination to such issues as unequal development, poverty, disease, violence and the scheming tendencies of the local best, political and economic stability in Africa is continually under threat is though not emanating from inside the continent but as of external interests whose dryness for African resources, continue to figure the dynamics in areas connected to governance. Resources in Africa if fine managed are able of providing for its entered population, therefore the potentials for an extra stable environment, nevertheless, it is well recognized that stolen riches from Africa n frequently end up in banks abroad. [African Focus Bulletin, 2006], exist it money stolen by the political selected (case of Mobutu of Zaire, Abacha of Nigeria, and Moi of Kenya, just to state a few or the current Kibaki regime Anglo-leasing scandals in Kenya), they still end up in banks in the western capitals. Effect of Political Instability on International Trade in Africa countries What are the effects of political instability has on International Trade in African Countries? 1.0 Introduction The International Day of peace which was established by a U.N resolution in 1982, and is marked every year on September 21, is a global even whose activities are significant in highlighting the worldwide efforts towards conflict resolution and peace building.[Diaspora 2008] This day is more concern with African continent which most of place conflict have taken place. That there are troubles in Africa for quite decades even after several countries in the continent went through change from colonialism to self-government, is not a deniable reality. 2.0 Political Stability in Africa As described in the first essay, country with political stability, donors will trust that country and they will invest a lot. The larger company can transfer they investment to that country, also investor can return their profit back to the communities, and will boost the sectors which it almost died of is in bad shape. Country with political stability economy will grow; this is due to investor will invest more as long as they feel secure on their investment. People of the respect country will be benefited by get knowledge which transferred from the investors. Countries that can produce a product at the lowest possible coast will be able to gain a larger share in the market. Therefore an incentive to produce efficiently arises. This will help standards of the product to increase and consumers will have a good quality product to consume. More employment could be generated as the market for the countries goods widens through trade. International trade helps generate more employment through the establishment of newer industries to cater to the demands of various countries. This will help countries bring down their unemployment rates. However it could lead to a more rapid depletion of exhaustible natural resources. As countries begin to up their production levels, natural resources tend to get less. 2.1 Assessment of political stability on international trade in Africa 2.1.1 Peace and Stability Tanzania is one example of the country among sub Saharan Africa which economic and political stability is stable. Multi party democracy adopted in 1992 has not disturbed the peaceful political climate of the country. This is why FDI are very interested with country situation and invest a lot on different sectors, such as Mining Industries, beverage industries, telecommunications companies, NGOs and so on. 2.1.2 Labour skills and availability International Trade is doing well; this is because of access to skilled labour which is a key priority for companies competing in African economies. Tanzania has a long term commitment to make sure development on training and educated specialists is going well. The government put more budget of education sector in order to improve education and improve human capabilities and encourage technology transfer as a precondition for enhancing productivity of investment and attaining the desired level of competitiveness. [http://www.tic.co.tz/] 2.1.3 Private sector development Tanzania has notable itself among of few African countries that have thoroughly transformed their economies. Achievement of these reforms is imitated in the countrys strong macroeconomic fundamentals every time increasing growth rates, consistent falling inflation and increasing inflow of FDI. One of the factors that contributed to this achievement is the countrys unwavering commitment to build a strong private sector. [http://www.tic.co.tz/] 2.1.4 Infrastructure Facilities Tanzania put infrastructure as one of the key investment drivers of country is trying very hard to improve. 2.1.5 Stable Macroeconomic performance Tanzania had been concerned out successful economic and structural reforms, which have enhanced economic performance and continual growth. These achievements are based on concrete foundations of political and economic reform carry out by the government since 1986, placing Tanzania in a point where a prolonged stage of high GDP growth rates is predictable. In additional, Tanzania has a constant fiscal regime with sustainable rank of inflation. [http://www.tic.co.tz/] 3.0 Political Instability in Africa overview Regarding political instability in African Country, it is also undeniable that African continent has gone thru some tough situation during fifty years past. But the fact is almost African cases regarding political instability the major cause of problem is leadership. And because of this African freedom heroes come to dictators, while African natural resources, politics of elimination and scarcity to slope the balance of authority continues to control the public globe. Moreover, these difficulties have been pointed out due to ordinary Africans leaders who already edged and they dont want to retire. Political instability in Africa may be obliged much of its reason to internal factors, though the interpenetration of internal and external aspect especially geo-political and economic comfort of the international community always play a major role in undermining the vey procedure and society that are expected to care for democracy and to inspire a sense of stability for community development in Africa. In combination to such issues as unequal development, poverty, disease, violence and the scheming tendencies of the local best, political and economic stability in Africa is continually under threat is though not emanating from inside the continent but as of external interests whose dryness for African resources, continue to figure the dynamics in areas connected to governance. Resources in Africa if fine managed are able of providing for its entered population, therefore the potentials for an extra stable environment, nevertheless, it is well recognized that stolen riches from Africa n frequently end up in banks abroad. [African Focus Bulletin, 2006], exist it money stolen by the political selected (case of Mobutu of Zaire, Abacha of Nigeria, and Moi of Kenya, just to state a few or the current Kibaki regime Anglo-leasing scandals in Kenya), they still end up in banks in the western capitals. 3.1 Africans leadership problem and political instability The African political instability and former related problems is basically an outcome of its leadership trouble. African governments are run in ways that have been staring as far from the modern western state structure [Osei Tutu, 2004] Domestic issues play a major role in the changeover. These domestic issues frequently variety as of corrupt rulers, repressions, a majestic legacy, distended states, and inadequate political structures and an obliteration of democracy [diamond, Linz, and Lipset 1989; Diamond and Plattner 1999]. However, the international framework often plays a vital role in both the changeover in general and the attendance of violence in exacting [Lupo, 2004] 3.2 Africans economy and political instability Despite the miserable predictions, most African economies are exploiting well even though a few country cases are still experiencing hard times in terms of political stability, economic growth and challenges posed by poverty and diseases, trade quantity and foreign investments have enlarged over time. However the political instability in Africa, which as well underpins the economic development frequently, has strong associates to internal and external distinctive interests time and again. Africas resource in this case has never been its approval, but a nuisance. These is no justification for the under development of the continent even as it sits on huge natural resources. [Rodney, W. (1981)] 3.3 Africa Political violence and political instability As an effect, the legitimate frameworks and state institutions have been meddle with, in order to generate an uneven play field alongside the opposition. Some of these procedures have seen irregular violence during electioneering era, leading to political instability. However the level of violence and the mode in which they are perpetrated differ from country as the recent elections in Uganda, Nigeria, Kenya and Zimbabwe can illustrate. [Mahamoud, 2006:15] With a lot of countries holding their third or fourth multi-party elections, internal power struggles have engaged a cruel dimension, thereby intimidating the very existence a lot of countries. Since the beginning of multi-party democracy in mainly African countries electoral procedures have been go together with political violence, as part of the democratisation process [Lupo, 2004; Huntington,1991]. Most violence is such cases are often state supported, to the advantage of the incumbent, while a variety of groups that hike for state power also intensely hired violence, in the form of informal groups, militias and gangs. In the circumstance of all the violence, it is the normal people who loose out in terms of lives and property. The calamity is that the political conflict is not about substitute political programmes that could address the main problems such as poverty, disease and illiteracy, but only a fight over who has right to use the state resources.[country-details] 4.0 Analysis 4.1 International Trade within Political Instability in Africa Country with political instability will be hard for investor to invest. This is due to situation is not good for them. However other investors are attracted with situation and take advantage for the situation by starting to make business. The International companies who are suppliers of guns and weapon will their time to sell and pray to God situation remain the same for sack of the business. People killed each other but investors they dont care as longer they doing business. In other part they may support that conflict by provide some money for other part to make them be able to fight other side and war continue. So as we can see one side they will be in trouble due to the investments been destroyed in the war because of political instability, and other side they will be benefited. Some of countries remain poor because of political instability. This could be ethnic tension, tribalism or all out war. Country such as Zimbabwe, Somalia, Rwanda and others they involved with long-term conflicts, they have a little chance of developing. Some countries also crash ethnic divides that are a constant distraction de-stabilizing the region and end up of discouraging investment, one example is Sir Lanka. 4.2 Assessment of political instability on international trade in Africa There are often political factors involved in why some of African country such as Zimbabwe, Somalia Sudan, Ethiopia, and Burundi and other suffers. This is due to bad government. Governments need to do a lot of things to encourage development, they need to build and maintain infrastructure and raise and spend finance wisely on the right projects. When governments are inept at managing infrastructure, development is impossible. Nobody wants to build a factory in a city where the power could go out at any time. Zimbabwe and other mentioned country should do the same and also needs to set up their laws and business practices in a way that encourages investment. Some of the Factors which affect international trade operation in Africa Corruption International Trade Trade Laws Political Instability Corruption Corruption is something which frustrating, disheartening and fundamentally disempowering investors. When government become loose on the simple process such as customs officials which everyone knows about, it end up of make life difficult to investors and business in general. In African countries this is common and is needs to be stopped and my country tried very hard to make it happened. [makewealthhistory n.d] Trade Laws Trade Laws it is largely a political matter. Sir Walter Raleigh famously said whosoever commands the trade of the world commands the riches of the world and hence the world itself Political instability Political instability plays a role in why some countries like Somalia and others remain poor. This could be ethnic tension, tribalism, or all out war. Needless to say, countries with long-term conflicts such as the ones in Somalia or Afghanistan have little chance of developing unless otherwise. [makewealthhistory n.d] I tried to make research for some of the African countries as follow SOMALIA Somalia involved with war since of Siad Barres regime in 1991. A lot of people in Somalia suffered due of conflict which causes long-term impact of disturbed peace, security and stability also development. This conflict cause a lot of problem and continued loss of life which end up of intermittent fighting, famine, displacement of persons and the resultant flow of refugees. The conflicts affect also neighbors countries such as Kenya, Ethiopia and Djibouti, due to proliferation of small arms, huge influx of refugees many of whom are ex-soldiers its criminal target. Overall Somalia politically is unstable. After the collapse of the Somali government various factions decided to vie for control of Somalia, which resulted in chaos, clan warfare, and interplant fighting. Although Somalia is not as lawless as it was at the time when Barre as ousted Somali factions still continue to fight for control of the territory. Somalia is a much divided national that lacks any sense of cohesive government and therefore there is no real overall ideology of the country. Somalia is attempting to stabilize many of the internal conflicts that continue to prevail in the country along with attempting to create a political ideology and a foreign policy. Political uncertainty its like nightmare to investors. It does disturb FDI (foreign Direct Investment) flow of their investment plan together with private sector and economic growth because government owned those public sector units as well. If happened that country faced unstable political, many this goes wrong. In situation like this no investor will be interested to invest in Somalia Land. This is due to political instability which put FDI in hard situation to invest. This conflicts cost the horn Africa countries deeply in terms of security due to increase of groups of arms, due to influx of refugees and lost trade. However international and regional organizations such as the UN (United National) and IGAD (Intergovernmental Authority for Development) have come between for the aim of bring peace in the war torn country. According to [BBC conversation 29th December 2010 thru radio] American tried to make peace there but they failed due to Somalia arm group come together and fight American. Somalia is one of the nations that has struggled and still does today in order to function well. It is one of these are rare places where there is ongoing civil war and it has no central government. Somalia is in a state of anarchy because it had problems after their president got assassinated in 1969, it has many economic problems, and native clans in Somalia are constantly fighting with their foes. If Somalia can solve these problems, it will be able to function very well and gain a government that will suite them well. UGANDA Another example is Uganda country. Iddi Amin President by then ruled the Government to manage all of Asian investors properties and commanded them to leave the country in short notice. This was applied to all whites investors, and even rich black. This was real bad to investors. Due to dictatorship mode of government the country came down economically and eventually to poor position. After war he decided to attack neighbor country which is Tanzania and caused a war. Situation become worse, Tanzania and Uganda war rendered Tanzania economy to fall drastically. It takes time for Tanzania to recover due to many country resource used on that war. Frankly it will be difficult for investors to withstand in violence countries. Economic growth needs political stability which will attract investors to invest in a particular country. BURUNDI Another example is Rwanda and Burundi. People killed and neighbor countries also affected due to the guns and other dangerous tools goes to them and used for robbed and so on. Rwanda war was so bad because it was tribe war (within Rwandas people). It was very difficult for investor to invest there or do international business there. They so cruel killed themselves, kill religion leaders and so on. Lets look at Zimbabwe; Mugabe makes things worse thereby take away the investors investments which most of them was farm. Those investors were doing very well on that sector. Mugabe was trying to divide the land to the Zimbabwe farmers without knowing that they dont have money to invest there and at the end they fail to run the business. Look at Zimbabwe now is terrible. There was violence which has badly hurt the commercial agricultural sector the traditional cause of exports and foreign exchange and the provider of 400,000 jobs, revolving Zimbabwe into a net importer of food products. The EU and the US give food aid on humanitarian foundation. Badly needed bear from the IMF has been suspended as of the governments arrears on long-ago loans and the governments unwillingness to ratify reforms that would become stable the economy. The Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe normally prints money to fund the budget deficit, causing the official annual inflation rate to rise from 32% in 1998, to 133% in 2004, 585% in 2005, passed 1000% in 2006, and 26000% in November 2007, and to 11.2 million percent in 2008. In the meantime, the official exchange rate chop from approximately 1(revalued) Zimbabwean dollar per US dollar in 2003 to 30,000 per US dollar in September 2007[ country-details n.d] Many people in Zimbabwe they dont have jobbed, currency is in bad shape due to inflation. Before Mugabe took land from investor, people were employed on that industry, the difference from now there is no job due to those who given that land they dont have money to run the business. Zimbabwe is other country which has political problem. Zimbabwe is the second highest HIV infection fate, per capita, in the world. Zimbabwe has experienced the breakdown of law and order, unemployment of 65%, inflation104%, the collapse of the economy and the health delivery system. Human rights abuses in the form of violence and rape have continued unabated and are carried out with impunity by the ruling party activists. Voices against basic human rights abuses speak at great personal risk. It has been established that the effects of the current situation have impacted negatively on the health and well being of the people through increased stress, little or no access to primary health care facilities, unemployment, hyper-inflation and a general sense of helplessness and hopelessness. All this is due of political instability. [gateway n.d] Zimbabwe there are group of people have good life, but majority are not enjoying anything. They have very difficult life. Most of people they live in poverty and cause of anger among them towards government. These anger cause political instability and end up of forming crime revolutions and so on. [wiki.answers n.d] INFLATION-ZIMBABWE Zimbabwe Economic Overview The government of Zimbabwe faces a wide variety of difficult economic problems as it struggles with an unsustainable fiscal deficit, an overvalued official exchange rate, hyperinflation, and bare store shelves. GDP -real growth rate -6.2% estimated in 2008. GDP (official exchange rate): $4,397 billion Note: In 2009 the Zimbabwean dollar was taken out of circulation, making Zimbabwes GDP at the official exchange rate a highly inaccurate statistic.[Source: C/A World Factbook] http://www.country-details.com/africa/zimbabwe-economy.php Transition to a market economy Before Investor decide to invest to any country especial African country always they tried to check of follow Gross National Income (GNP) GNP helps to measure income generated together by total domestic production towards as the international trade production activities of local companies. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) GDP is the broadest measure of economic activity for a country. GDP helps investor to assessing countries in which the output of the multinational sector is a significant share of activity. Improving the Power of GNI GNI is a robust estimator of an economys absolute performance. Here international manager has to be careful because GNI can mislead when he/she tried to compare countries. For example, manager to compare economic power of USA and Tanzania will not give manager a good result. So in order for manager to get good view should adjust it for taken the number of people in that country, their growth rate, and their cost of living also economic sustainability. Per Capital conversion Manager will use this indicator to which helps to explain an economys performance according of number of people who lives in such country. Purchasing Power Parity Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) is the number of units of a countrys currency required to buy the same amounts of goods and services in the domestic market that one unit of income would buy in the other country. [Daniel, Sullivan et. al 2009pp186-202] 5.0 Effect of Political Instability Opportunities could be caused by political instability 5.1 Conflict resolution and peace building initiatives In terms of conflicts in Africa, many hot spots are recovering, and making big leaps towards peaceful coexistence. Even though there are some pockets of unresolved cases like Somalia, Darfur, Congo and Northern Uganda among others, there are encouraging examples such as Sierra Leone, Rwanda, and Southern Sudan. In this context Africa is undergoing a complex process of multiple transformations. Solution to some of these cases has been found from within, coupled with external support. For this reason, it can be argued that part solution to the conflict situation and political instability in Africa lies in the west. More specifically is for the western governments to address the issue of arms manufacture and sale of arms, weapons to Africa and to address the conduct of their multinational involved in extractive activities at the expense of African lives. On the same breath, we cannot talk of health problems in Africa when countries in the west have not seen the sense and subsequent impl ications of dumping hazardous technologies and products in Africa 5.2 International Trade in Africa Some of the country they take advantage of the political instability situation to make money by doing international business in that such country. In both situations, political change creates systemic risks that impact all firms whose activities are affected by the political system. System changes dont necessarily create political risks that reduce potential profits. Elections and policy shifts can create opportunities for foreign investors. For example in 1990s a newly elected government in Argentina initiated a radical program to deregulate and privatize the countrys state-centered economy. Investors who accepted the risk and pursued the resulting opportunities prospered as Argentina became more democratic. There is one case in our International Business model talk about china. That case trace about the development of China, where political change has created opportunities in several areas, including market potential and performance. This of course, that taking advantage of such at tractive opportunities entails taking risks in a country where political and legal complications still pose roadblocks to profitability.[Daniel, Sullivan et al (2009) pg155] When other countries suffer of political instability, other countries enjoy that situation very much. Lets say country faced political instability and happened there is a war, some of international companies from other country they start to do business by selling guns, and other things which needed in situation like that. The neighbour countries get advantage of when refugee run to them, they get support from international support programme. The people of such neighbour country they will be benefited by get food, clothes, and other human needs thru refugee. However those neighbour countries may suffer due to refugee may transfer the conflict in that country. Unemployment When country faced political instability unemployment rate will be high, and country will not be able to offer job to the people. So when investors who they ready to take risk move to that country will be easy for them gets cheap labor. People they dont have job and they need money means they will do any kind of job to get money. However countries that are unable to create jobs for their citizens create a risky business environment. So investors whose will take risk to invest in such country must take precaution for robbery and thief due to people are desperate to get money. Generally, people out of work and unable to find jobs depress economic growth, create social pressures, and provoke political uncertainty. Inflation Inflation cause rise in prices measured against a standard level of purchasing power. Country in political instability inflation will be high and the investor who doing there they have power to set their price (high) and consumer they dont have choice. Life will be expensive and investor who doing business there are benefited with high price of commodities. People they work to them and get salary and at the end of day they give back that money to them. This is to say foreign will be able to transfer resources to home country indirect. Debt The debt for the country which faced political instability growing because government dont have money, and end up of borrows money from the financial institution. This will be benefit to those countries which hold those financial institutions such as IFM and so on. Income distribution GNI or PPP (Purchasing Power Parity) will be low due is calculate with which income the average person earns. Country with political instability not everyone is average, neither indicator tells us what share of income goes to what segments of the population. So the big share will go to foreigner whose they have big share of money, and this will be benefit to them.[Daniel, Sullivan et. al pp196-203] Production factors move Capital especially short-term capital is the most internationally mobile production factor. In country with political instability companies and private individuals primarily transfer capital because of differences in expected return. This situation cause of transfer capital back home or to another country and will be benefit to foreigners due to some of country when foreigner came to invest, government allow them to make business for the first three years without of paying tax. The countries with political instability foreigner advantage of this situation and invest for only three years without tax and move to another country. This happened because they not secure with political situation. Analyzing Risk In between political instability, one country risk may be another opportunity to other country. For example companies which provide security services such as guard services, alarm systems, insurances and guns may get the big opportunities of sales where the victim country suffer in war.[Daniel, Sullivan et. al (2009)p 502] 6.0 CONCLUSION Finally the research has been done accordingly by the guidance of the lecturers and my family members. Thanks to be them, without forgetting my fellow students for their corporation. 7.0 RECOMMENDATION An African countries leader has to make sure political in their country is stable so that FDI can transfer they technology, skill and knowledge to the local people thru International Business.

Frederic Chopin Essays -- Musicians

Chopin pioneered the idea of creating a true artistic form from technical exercises, making his etudes historically important. Each etude has its own musical story to tell even though they adhere to a basic principle as a means to train and refine the performer’s technique. They are not simply dry and repetitive exercises like etudes prior to Chopin. There’s emotion behind his etudes that transcends from technicality and mere note playing to a true virtuosic artistry that is executed with delicate finery. This new development of technical exercises is a feature of a persistent musical aspect in Romantic period repertoire. Not only were these exercises used to improve the performer, they influenced other composers and became substantial material. The Revolutionary Etude is a great example of this technique, for in this work of art, one kind find complete aesthetic materials centered on real historical events. Frederic Chopin was a child prodigy. He was a virtuoso pianist and a talented Polish composer. He was born the year 1810 and died 1849. He spent his early years in Warsaw where he received his music education. His compositions reached a mature stage in Warsaw before he left in 1830. Chopin mostly composed for solo piano, however he wrote two piano concertos, a few chamber pieces, and a couple of Polish texts that he set to music. Chopin made many major innovations to the piano sonata, mazurka, waltz, nocturne, polonaise, etude, impromptu, scherzo, and prelude, all of which are important pieces of work that highlight Chopin as a virtuosic composer. Frederic Chopin composed three sets of solo studies specifically for the piano. Overall these sets consisted of twenty seven total compositions known as etudes. Within these... ...ldinger, Jean-Jacques, ed. Chopin: Pianist and Teacher: As Seen by His Pupils Cambridge University Press, 1989. Israel Studies in Musicology Vol. IV (Volume 4). publication place: Jerusalem: Israel Musicological Society 1987. Kornel Michałowski and Jim Samson. "Chopin, Fryderyk Franciszek." In Grove Music Online. Oxford Music Online, http://ezproxy.twu.edu:2186/subscriber/article/grove/music/ 51099(accessed April 12, 2012) Yun, Fred. Analysis of Etudes Op. 10 and Op 25. Our Chopin.http://www.ourchopin.com/ analysis/etude.html (accessed May 3, 2012) Huneker, James. 2007. Chopin: The Man and His Music. publication place: Echo Library. Alan, Walker. 1973. The Chopin companion: profiles of the man and the musician. New York: W. W. Norton and Company, Inc. Jonson, George Charles Ashton. 2010. A Handbook to Chopin's Works. publication place: Nabu Press.

High School Exit Exams :: Argumentative Persuasive Education Essays

High School Exit Exams Exit Exams are an unfair way of determining whether a student should or should not receive his or her diploma. Most students work very hard throughout high school to receive good grades. This should be enough to determine whether a student should pass high school. There are many intelligent students which do not have good test taking skills, exit exams keep many good students from graduating and teachers have to narrow their lesson plans for these types of exit exams. These are all good reasons why exit exams should not be required in graduating from high school. When it comes to test taking, some students do not know how to remain calm. Many times when students fail a test it was not because they did not understand the material on the test, it is because students do not contain good test taking skills. Taking a test can be very nerve wrecking and uncomfortable. A student from Paris (texas) High School said, "some people get testaphobia, I passed my math classes with flying colors, but I get to that TAAS test and my mind's like a blank, I have no idea why." (Kunen 62). TExas is one of the 22 states that requires a high school exit exam like the TAAS test. Every year many students are kept from graduating high school because of these exit exams. This makes students and parents very angry. Students who have had high passing grades throughout high school do not understand why they cannot pass exit exams. Sometimes the student blames him or herself by thinking that he or she did not learn enough, when in fact there is nothing wrong without heir knowledge. These students do not realize that they lack good test taking skills. Parents are angry that their child was kept from graduating because of a single test, even though the child had all the he credits required. This situation occurred to Lee Hicks, another student from Paris (texas) High School. Had he lived 14 miles away in Oklahoma, which has no statewide exit test, he'd have received a diploma and would now be serving his country in the Navy. Instead Hicks severs customers in a Paris supermarket; he won management's Aggressive Hospitality Award for 1996. "He's a great employ ee, a bright young man--extremely hardworking," says store director, Larry Legg.

What Life Is :: essays research papers

Life is very funny. Many people think of it as a game that must be played to the end or some may think of it as a journey in search of something. I’m one of those that think of it as†¦. neither. I think of it as a gift. This gift that God has bestowed upon us. This gift in which WE have total control. We control where we go, what we do, whom we talk to, and what we feel. The one flaw in this gift is that others and ourselves can turn this gift, †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦into a punishment. God gave us this gift for a reason. A reason which some of us must all find out ourselves. Is it to gain something, to feel something, or to just live? We all NEED something. Buddhists believe in reaching a stage in our lives called nirvana, the state at which a soul desires nothing. To me, it is impossible to not want ONE thing, throughout your life. Things that we want do not have to be material objects such as money, clothing, or anything like that. Certain souls want or need one thing. When souls never receive this ONE thing, they are destroyed and go throughout their lives feeling punished and lifeless. Why would God give us this gift if he knew that we would get this feeling? So that we could feel so punished? I myself don’t know the answer to this mystery. I know one thing though. I know that everyone NEEDS this one thing to have a complete life. This one thing is love. Love, an emotion that cannot be defined by any dictionary or human being. Few even know what this emotion means or how it feels. This emotion has its many weaknesses. I often wish God didn’t make it so. Sometimes those who give out love often don’t receive that love back, which makes one feel, well, distraught. Especially if that one soul NEEDS that love back from another. It may be a family member, a friend, or a soul, which you feel, spiritually connected to. Everyone needs love. Without it, there is no point in life. What will your ultimate goal in life be? To gain riches? To become powerful? No, God didn’t put us here for that. When we die riches and power wont matter. I think God must have felt something, somehow, somewhere, and felt like sharing it with us.

King control Essay

After 400 AD, there was no central power in the West, but a central ecclesiastical power, which claimed primacy from the earliest times. The barbarian invasions and the ensuing anarchy resulted in a tremendous growth in the power of the papacy. With the appearance of strong political powers in Europe, a struggle between the papacy and the kings started to grow. The principal disagreement was the proper distribution of power; the king was believed to be the ruler by divine right. Should the King control church as well, contrary to the belief of pope as vicar of God on earth? It was in these circumstances that, Pope Boniface VII appeared on the religious scene in Europe. As Papacy was congested with internal wrangling of war of succession, it is believed that Pope Benedict VI (973-974) was strangled to death. For Boniface VII, papacy was a secular issue, rather than a divine mission, which had to be acquired by all means. After his accession, with in a month, he was forced to leave the Constantinople, but he did not hesitate to steal a large sum of money from the Vatican treasury. After nine years of exile, he returned with an army to depose his successor Pope John XIV (983-984). All these deeds earned him the name of Antipope. According to historians Boniface VII sitting in Peter’s chair was at the lowest point in the papal history. This decline and corruption in church was visible at the time of Gregory VII accession to the papacy. He laments the unhappy state of the Church in the following words, â€Å"Wherever I turn my eyes–to the west, to the north, or to the south, I find bishops who have obtained their office in irregular ways†. Gregory made efforts to stamp out the Church from major evils, for him the Bishop of Rome was not simply the court of last appeal, but the pope was to govern the universal Church as a vicar of St Peter. The medieval kingdoms were religious states and king as the head of people was the supreme authority in religious, as well as in political matters. The spiritual governance was now in the hands of the bishops and pope, kingship had to be understood differently and new foundations laid for the political authority of the state. The state deprived of its spiritual authority was forced to conceive itself as a corporate body independent of the Church. Gregory knew that the customs prevailing in the Church and society had no foundation in ancient Christian tradition. According to him faithfulness did not mean slavish obedience to the rituals, but faith required deeper understanding of the religion. Gregory began his great work of purifying the Church by a reformation of the clergy and enacted a number of decrees, such as banning the office of sacred orders by payment, baring guilty priests from exercising ministries, and rejection of the clerics who failed to obey these injunctions. These decrees were met with vigorous resistance, but were partially successful. Pope Boniface VII and Gregory VII had the same ambitions, but with different point of views. According to Pope Boniface VII, Church cannot not be separated from the state, there had to be balance for this co-existence. Gregory VII, on the contrary de-sacralized the authority of the king, and separated the spiritual world from politics. As a result, the Church became a sovereign body with its own head, administrative structure, body of law, and courts, which eventually gave rise to the modern state. Source: Ullmann. W (1962), The Growth of Papal Government in the Middle Ages: A Study in the Ideological Relation of Clerical to Lay Power, Methuen London. Catholic Encyclopedia, Pope St. Gregory VII (8 Nov. 2005), http://www. newadvent. org/cathen/06791c. htm

Clever Manka and The Story of an Hour: A Demonstration of Differences in Health, Personalities, and Relationships

Manka and Louise Both short stories are a patriarchal society that restricted the roles of women, especially in their marriage. The setting in Kate Chopin’s â€Å"The Story of an Hour† takes place in a small city in the early 1900s. This story has actual characters with names, such as Louise Mallard. The main character is Louise Mallard, she is a women looking to get freedom from her husband, and she gets that chance when he dies in a railroad accident. The setting in â€Å"Clever Manka† takes place in a rural farming community is Czechoslovakia.This story has stereotypical characters, such as the Burgomaster, the farmer, and the shepherd. The main character in is Manka; she is a woman that is a very quick thinker. She shows the burgomaster how clever she is by knowing all the answers to his riddles. In â€Å"Clever Manka† and Kate Chopin’s â€Å"The Story of an Hour†, both demonstrate differences in health, personalities, and relationships. One difference between Manka and Louise is their health. Manka is a young woman who is in good health. She has no health problems, but on the other hand Louise does.In the beginning of â€Å"The Story of an Hour†, it’s stated that â€Å"Louise had heart trouble† (Chopin 666). Knowing that Louise had heart trouble, her sister carefully told her about her husband’s death, to try to refrain from Louise having a heart attack. Another difference between Manka and Louise is their personalities. Manka is an independent woman. She has a very intelligent and confident personality. To show how clever she really was, the Burgomaster gave a riddle to her father (the shepherd) to give to Manka.It was â€Å"tell her to come see me, but she must come neither by day nor by night, neither riding nor walking, neither dressed nor undressed† (Manka, 18). Her father told her what the burgomaster said. She showed how smart she was by going to his house at dawn (Neither by day nor by night), wearing fish net (neither dressed not undressed), with one leg over a goat and one foot on the ground (neither riding nor walking). The Burgomaster was so surprised by her cleverness that he had to marry her. He then told her â€Å"you are not to use that cleverness of yours at my expense. I won’t have you interfering in any of my cases.In fact, if ever you give advice to anyone who comes to my for judgment, I’ll turn you out of my house at once and send you home to your father† (Manka, 19). Even the burgomaster was intimidated by Manka’s intelligence. Even though Louise did not seem as intelligent as Manka, she still had a thinking personality. After Louise’s Sister Josephine told her about her husband’s death, she went up to her room (where most of the story took place) and she began to think. She then realized she was free from her husband, and she was now happy that she was not under his ruling anymore.She said â₠¬Å"There would be no one to live for during those coming years; she would live for herself† (Chopin 667). Another difference between Manka and Louise is their relationships with their husbands. They are both married this is one similarity that they share. Manka and the Burgomaster seem to get along well, except when she got into one of his cases. He told her if she interfered with any of his business he would send her back to her father’s house and he was going to do just that. He told Manka she could take one thing with her.She asked if she could stay till after supper, he agreed. She ended up getting him drunk and taking him to his father’s house. He woke up and asked her â€Å"what does this mean? † She replied â€Å"You know you told me I might take with me the one thing I liked best in your house, so of course I took you† (Manka, 20). He then told her that she was to clever for him, and then they went back home. After that their relationship go t stronger, and if a case was too difficult for him they went to her for advice. On the other hand Louise and her husband didn’t have such a good relationship.In the story, not much is said about Mr. Mallard and her relationship. Going off how she reacted when her sister told her he had died in a railroad accident, their relationship was sketchy. She loved him—sometimes, but often she didn’t. In the story, she said â€Å"Free! Body and soul free† (Chopin, 668). Her sister came up to her room to see if she was okay. Bringing Louise downstairs, they saw at the base of the stairwell, Mr. Mallard as he came through the door. As soon as she saw him Louise died. When the doctors came they said she had died of heart disease– of joy that ills. In both short stories, â€Å"Clever Manka† and â€Å"The Story of an Hour†, we read about two very different women, and compared and contrasted their health, personalities, and relationships with their husband’s. Although they did had some things in common, one was they both lived in a dominant male society. Chopin, Kate. â€Å"Story of an Hour. † Successful College Writing. Ed. Kathleen McWhorter. 4th ed. Boston: Bedford/ St. Martin’s, 2009. 665-668 â€Å"Clever Manka. † Introduction to Literature. Eds. Alice S. Landy And William Rodney Allen. 6th ed. Boston: Houghton Mifflin,

Lb160 Etma 01

LB160 eTMA 01 Summary of case study on Brompton Bicycles Brompton Bicycles, estimate this year they will sell 19,000 folding bikes with profits of ? 925,000 before tax but they plan to to boost production to 50,000 bikes a year with a ? 1million production revamp and a big sales push focused overseas. The company is aware they need to see significant sales growth both in the Uk and overseas if they want to stay a competitor in the fast growing global market, but they have encountered problems such as capacity and slow production times along with patents which expired 8 years ago.Although they are still covered by copyright other competitors can copy the invention. There is also the problem of being based in London so the company does not benefit from the low wage structure of Taiwan, where 80% of bikes are made. Brompton are unwilling to relocate as they have had to train most of its 85 staff in specific skills.Brompton are competitive in other cost areas as they have kept changes to their bikes minimal over the past 20 years so have been able to invest in tools and all their previous marketing has been through word of mouth, which they do need to focus on in the future. Although competitors may compare on quality and undercut them on price, last year one competitor made 350,000 bikes, Brompton believes in engineering ethos and producing bikes which are built to last so does not want to lose sight of the quality of their bikes and become a mainstream dealer, as this would lose its appeal.